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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate ALK genomic rearrangements and expression in prostate cancer, and their clinical implications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eighty-one cases of prostate cancer were included. ALK gene rearrangements were assessed by FISH in all cases, and ALK protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 191 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ALK gene was truncated (mostly 5' deletion) in 18 of 281 (6.4%) cases. EML4-ALK fusion gene was not detected. Genomic rearrangement of ALK gene was not statistically associated with Gleason score, age, TNM or baseline PSA level (P > 0.05). In all 18 cases, there were nuclear expression of ALK protein; in 12 cases, the expression was seen in 5%-30% of the tumor cells, and in the remaining 6 cases, the expression was seen in < 5% of the tumor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ALK gene rearrangements occurred in 6.4%, of prostate cancer, and these may not be associated with disease progressions. The ALK protein expresses in the nucleus. The EML4-ALK fusion gene was not found in prostate cancer.</p>
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Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical-pathological features,immunophenotype and prognosis of the lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma (LELGC).Methods The clinical,radiographic and histological data of four patients with LELGC were retrospectively analyzed.The expression of cytokeratin (CK),CD20,CD3,CD4,CD8,E-cadherin,β-catenin,bcl-2,p16,p53,p63,c-erbB-2,cyclin D1,Ki67 and DNA methyl-transferase 1 (DNMT1) in tumor was detected by Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods.Results The size of four tumor was 1.8 cm× 1.6 cm,1.5 cm× 2.0 cm,2.5 cm× 2.0 cm and 4.0 cm× 2.5 cm.Under light microscope,tumor cells appeared like cords,small lumps or scattered single infiltration with vacuolized nucleus; clear nucleoli and obvious interstitial lymphocytic infiltration.The results of immunohistochemical examination indicated that in four tumors CK was positive in membrane of all the tumor cells,while EBER was positive in all cell nucleus.The number of lymphocytes with CD3 positive was over those with CD20 positive,which was mainly CD8 positive lymphocytes.The percentage of E cadherin and β-catenin positive in the cell membrane of four tumors was between 10 ％ and 90 ％,and two cases with β-catenin positive in cytoplasm.The expressions of DNMT1,cyclin D1 and bcl-2 were all positive,while p16 and c-erbB-2 were all negative.The expression of p63 was positive in only one case,and p53 was negative in one case.The percentage of Ki67 positive was 40％,15％,60％ and 40％,respectively.Conclusions LELGC is a rare neoplasm with better prognosis.The features of clinical pathology and immunohistology may help to make a correct diagnosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate promoter methylation status of LITAF gene in B-cell lymphoma and to explore transcription regulation of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on LITAF gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and five paraffin specimens including 54 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 15 small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), 8 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and 6 follicular lymphoma (FL) were included. Five reactive lymphoid hyperplasia samples were collected as control. Methylation status of CpG island in LITAF gene in the specimens and in Raji, Pfeiffer and Daudi cell lines were detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). LITAF expression in Raji, Pfeiffer and Daudi cell lines with or without 5-Aza-CdR treatment was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The inhibitory ratio in the three cell lines was measured by MTT assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of LITAF gene methylation in B-cell lymphoma was 89.5% (94/105) . Among them, 3.8% (4/105) showed complete hypermethylation. In control group, however, there was no methylation in CpG island of LITAF gene promoter. The expression of LITAF was recovered or increased along with the cell growth inhibition when the cells exposed to demethylating reagent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LITAF gene silencing with aberrant CpG methylation is probably one of the critical events to the oncogenesis of B-cell lymphoma, which may have important implications as a candidate marker for diagnosis and target gene therapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Azacitidine , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , CpG Islands , DNA Methylation , Gene Silencing , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Genetics , Metabolism , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone , Genetics , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Genetics , Nuclear Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Transcription Factors , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinico-pathological features, immunophenotype, treatment and prognosis of urologic primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with urologic PNET were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male, aged 29, 32 and 75 years respectively. Two of the lesions were located in the kidney, and the third was located in the bladder. The sizes of renal tumors were 7.7 cm×6.2 cm and 12.6 cm×9.4 cm respectively. Imaging examinations revealed a well-defined mass with inhomogeneous echo inside. The size of bladder tumor was 10.0 cm×10.0 cm. CT scan demonstrated irregular thickening of the bladder wall, and the density of the wall was inhomogeneous. In the 2 cases of renal PNET radical surgery was performed, while an emergency palliative surgery to remove a blood clot and biopsy were performed in the bladder PNET case. Results In light microscope, the tumors were characterized by uniform small round or oval cells and nest-like or dense sheet structures surrounded by sparse fibrovascular stroma. Homer-Wright rosettes or pseudorosettes were observed, as well as mitoses. Immunohistochemical study revealed that all cases showed positive staining for CD99, synaptophysin and vimentin. One of the renal tumor cells showed positive for CD56, and the other renal tumor and urocystic tumor cells were focally positive for chromogranin A. Additionally, in 1 of the cases of renal tumor there was a high positive rate of 80% for Ki67 staining while the other case showed less than 5%. All 3 cases were eventually diagnosed as PNET. The first renal tumor case was not treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively, and the patient died of recurrence 14 months after surgery. Both the second renal tumor case and the bladder tumor case underwent chemotherapy postoperatively, and they died 4 and 6 months after surgery respectively. Conclusions The urologic primary PNET is a very rare, highly malignant soft tissue tumor, and the diagnosis must be based on pathologic findings and immunohistochemical phenotypes. The multimodal treatment for urologic primary PNET consists of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Objective To investigate clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on diagnosis and treatment of esophageal leiomyoma.Methods The clinical feature of patients diagnosed as esophageal leiomyoma by EUS was analyzed.All patients underwent conventional gastroscopy and EUS examination as well as blood test.The EUS findings were compared with histopatholoical diagnosis for endoscopically or surgically resected specimens.All patients were followed-up with EUS for 14.3 months (range 2-36 months) for leiomyoma recurrence.Results A total of 191 patients were diagnosed with esophageal leiomyomas by EUS.Clinical manifestation,serum examination,conventional gastroscopy and spiral CT were not helpful for diagnosing esophageal leiomyoma,One hundred and sixteen patients with esophageal leiomyomas were treated by either endoscopic resection (111 cases) or surgical excision (5 cases).of which,101 resected specimens were pathologically confirmed as leiomyomas.The diagnostic accuracy of EUS was 87%.The follow-up study showed that there was no change of leiomyomas in 75 untreated patients and no recurrence was found in 116 surgically treated patients.Conclusion Esophageal leiomyoma is a benign tumor,EUS plays a very important role in diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnostic modalities and treatment of duodenal Brunner′gland adenoma(BGA).Methods Fifteen patients with duodenal BGA were evaluated base on clinical presentations,the results of serologic test,barium meal examination,gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)as well as treatment.The post-operative histological results were compared with pre-operation EUS findings.Results Eight out of 15 patients with duodenal BGA had presentations,including duodenal ulcer(4 patients),upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (4 patients). The serologic tests of all patients were within the normal limits.Six patients underwent barium meal examination and 13 patients received gastroscopy.Seven patients underwent surgical treatment and 8 patients received endoscopic resection.The post-operative histological results were compatible with the pre-operative EUS findings.Conclusions Duodenal BGA is a benign tumor.EUS was helpful in making the diagnosis and determination of treatment methods(surgical operation or endoscopic resection).
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Objective To appraise the efficacy,survival rate and toxicity of GEM+NVB regimen in retreatment of 24 Advanced NSCLC treated by TAX+DDP regimen.Methods 24 patients with Advanced NSCLC received chemotherapy of GEM+NVB regimen.We evaluate the efficacy,survival rate and toxicity after two periods.Results Among these 24 patients,there was no complete response.Rates of partial response is 29.2 %,the average survival period is 28 weeks.One year survival rate is 34.3 %.Conclusions GEM+NVB regimen is effective as second-line chemotherapy for the Advanced NSCLC patients that have ever been treaded by TAX+DDP regimen.
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Objective To detect the expression and correlated significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase and p53,Bax in benign and malignant diseases of gallbladder. Methods In 16 cases of chronic cholecystitis,11cases of chronic cholecystitis with adenomyoma and 24 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma,the expression of iNOS,p53 and Bax in gallbladder's wall was detected by SP immunohistochemistry. Results 1